shall

CET4TEM4考研CET6中高频词基本词汇

英 [ʃæl; ʃ(ə)l] 美[ʃəl]

释义

aux. 应；会；将；必须

中文词源

shall 将要

来自古英语 sceal,有责任，有义务，应当，来自 Proto-Germanic*skal,欠，应当，来自 PIE*skel, 欠，应当，词源同 should.

英文词源

shall: shall: [OE] The etymological meaning of shall is ‘owe’. It goes back to a prehistoric Germanic base *skal-, *skul- which also produced German sollen ‘ought to’ and schuld ‘debt’. Its use in English as an auxiliary verb denoting future time evolved via the intermediate senses ‘ought to, must’ and ‘be to’. The notion of obligation survives in should, which originated as its past tense.
=> should
shall (v.): Old English sceal, Northumbrian scule "I owe/he owes, will have to, ought to, must" (infinitive sculan, past tense sceolde), a common Germanic preterite-present verb (along with can, may, will), from Proto-Germanic *skal- (cognates: Old Saxon sculan, Old Frisian skil, Old Norse and Swedish skola, Middle Dutch sullen, Old High German solan, German sollen, Gothic skulan "to owe, be under obligation;" related via past tense form to Old English scyld "guilt," German Schuld "guilt, debt;" also Old Norse Skuld, name of one of the Norns), from PIE root *skel- (2) "to be under an obligation."

Ground sense of the Germanic word probably is "I owe," hence "I ought." The sense shifted in Middle English from a notion of "obligation" to include "futurity." Its past tense form has become should (q.v.). Cognates outside Germanic are Lithuanian skeleti "to be guilty," skilti "to get into debt;" Old Prussian skallisnan "duty," skellants "guilty."

双语例句

1. I shall have words with these stupid friends of mine!: 我真应该跟我这些愚蠢的朋友理论理论！

3. Verily I say unto you, that one of you shall betray me.: 我实在告诉你们，你们中间有一个人要卖我了。

实用场景例句

Candidates shall remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected.: 考生必须留在座位上，等所有试卷收好以后方可离去。

I bought some lovely raisin buns at the bakery. Shall I bring you one with some tea?...: 我在面包店里买了些很好吃的葡萄干圆面包，要不要我给你拿一个，再来点儿茶？

We shall be landing in Paris in sixteen minutes, exactly on time...: 我们将于 16 分钟后准时在巴黎降落。

In Chapter 3, I shall describe some of the documentation that I gathered...: 在第三章，我会介绍我收集到的一些文献记录。

We shall refer here to three significant trends that arose in the previous decade...: 这里我们将提及过去 10 年中出现的 3 个显著趋势。

The Security Council shall decide what measures shall be taken to restore peace and security...: 安理会将决定采取何种措施来恢复和平与安全。

'I want to hear all the gossip, all the scandal.' — 'You shall, dearie, you shall!': “把所有的八卦，所有的丑闻都告诉我吧。”——“好的，亲爱的，好的。”

I shall hope to see you in my office, young lady, and we'll review your portfolio.: 希望你能到我办公室来，小姐，我们将审查一下你的资料。

When big City firms cut down on their entertainments, we shall know that times really are hard...: 当伦敦商业区的大公司削减他们的娱乐活动开支，我们就知道世道真的变得艰难了。

This is our last chance and we shall need to take it if we are to compete and survive.: 这是我们最后的机会，如果我们想要竞争并存活下来的话，就一定要抓住这次机会。

考试真题

For want of better names, we shall call these two classes immediate reward and delayed reward.