burst

CET4TEM4考研CET6中频词核心词汇

英 [bɜːst] 美[bɝst]

释义

vi. 爆发，突发；爆炸

vt. 爆发，突发；爆炸

n. 爆发，突发；爆炸

n. (Burst)人名；(德、罗)布尔斯特

词态变化

第三人称单数: bursts;过去式: burst;过去分词: burst;现在分词: bursting;

近义词

explode rupture break

助记提示

1. burn => burst (可以理解为因为内部剧烈燃烧而急剧膨胀导致的突然爆炸、爆发、迸发).
2. 可以把 burst 理解为 burn 的最高级形式，燃烧到极端、突破了临界点导致突然的爆炸、爆发、迸发。

中文词源

burst 爆裂开

词源同break, 破开。

英文词源

burst: burst: [OE] In Old English, burst meant simply ‘break suddenly and sharply’; the modern connotation of ‘breaking open owing to internal pressure’ developed in the 16th century. The word comes from a prehistoric West and North Germanic *brestan, which can be traced back to an Indo-European base *bhrest- (this has been linked with medieval Irish brosc ‘noise’).
burst (v.): Old English berstan (intransitive) "break suddenly, shatter under pressure" (class III strong verb; past tense bærst, past participle borsten), from a West Germanic metathesis of Proto-Germanic *brest- (cognates: Old Saxon brestan, Old Frisian bersta, Middle Dutch berstan, Low German barsten, Dutch barsten, Old High German brestan, German bersten "to burst"), from PIE root *bhres- "to burst, break, crack."

The forms reverted to brest- in Middle English from influence of Old Norse brestan/brast/brosten, from the same Germanic root, but it was re-metathesized late 16c. and emerged in the modern form, though brast was common as past tense through 17c. and survives in dialect.

Of extended or distended surfaces from 1530s. Figuratively, in reference to being over-full of excitement, anticipation, etc., from 1630s. Transitive sense ("to cause to break") is from late 13c. Meaning "to issue suddenly and abundantly" is from c. 1300 (literal), mid-13c. (figurative). Meaning "break into sudden activity or expression" is from 1680s. Related: Bursting.
burst (n.): 1610s, "act of bursting," from burst (v.). Meaning "a spurt" (of activity, etc.) is from 1862. The earlier noun berst (early Middle English) meant "damage, injury, harm."

双语例句

1. A brilliant shaft of sunlight burst through the doorway.: 一束耀眼的阳光从门口照射进来。

2. Her burst of exuberance and her brightness overwhelmed me.: 她勃发的热情和阳光的性格征服了我。

3. Rachel burst out as the door was flung open again.: 当门被再次猛地推开时，雷切尔冲了出去。

4. The avenues lined with jacaranda trees burst into a carnival of purple.: 大街的两旁种着蓝花楹，绽放的花朵汇成一片紫色的海洋。

5. The men burst in wearing balaclavas and brandishing sawn-off shotguns.: 头戴遮脸盔式帽、挥舞着短管猎枪的几名男子冲了进来。

英英释意

1. the act of exploding or bursting something;: "the explosion of the firecrackers awoke the children"; "the burst of an atom bomb creates enormous radiation aloft"

2. rapid simultaneous discharge of firearms;: "our fusillade from the left flank caught them by surprise"

3. a sudden flurry of activity (often for no obvious reason);: "a burst of applause"; "a fit of housecleaning"

4. a sudden violent happening;: "an outburst of heavy rain"; "a burst of lightning"

实用场景例句

to be bursting with ideas/enthusiasm/pride: 满怀想法 / 热情 / 骄傲

The hall was filled to bursting point .: 大厅里挤满了人。

The hall was full to bursting .: 大厅里挤满了人。

(informal) I'm bursting (for a pee) (= I need to use the toilet right now) !: 我得马上去洗手间。

She was bursting to tell him the good news.: 她急不可待要把好消息告诉他。

The roads are bursting with cars.: 车辆把那些道路挤满了。

The words burst from her in an angry rush.: 她破口说出了那一大堆气话。

The sun burst through the clouds.: 太阳破云而出。

He burst into the room without knocking.: 他没敲门就闯进了屋子。

The river burst its banks and flooded nearby towns.: 那条河决堤并淹没了附近的城镇。

Don't burst that balloon!: 别把气球弄炸了！

a burst pipe: 爆裂的管子

Shells were bursting (= exploding) all around us.: 炮弹在我们四周爆炸。

(figurative)He felt he would burst with anger and shame.: 他恼羞成怒，都要气炸了。

The dam burst under the weight of water.: 大坝在水的巨大压力下溃决了。

That balloon will burst if you blow it up any more.: 你再给气球充气，它就要爆了。

The driver lost control when a tyre burst...: 一个车胎爆了，司机失去了控制。

It is not a good idea to burst a blister.: 把水泡挑破不是个好主意。

A dam burst and flooded their villages.: 堤坝决口，淹没了他们的村庄。

Monsoons caused the river to burst its banks.: 季风雨使河堤决口。

The door burst open and an angry young nurse appeared.: 门突然被推开，一名怒气冲冲的年轻护士出现在门口。

Gunmen burst into his home and opened fire...: 持枪歹徒突然闯进他家里开枪射击。

Rachel burst out as the door was flung open again.: 当门被再次猛地推开时，雷切尔冲了出去。

He burst onto the fashion scene in the early 1980s.: 20世纪80年代初他突然在时尚界活跃起来。

He almost burst with pride when his son John began to excel at football...: 当儿子约翰在足球方面表现优秀时，他心中充满了自豪。

He thought his heart would burst with grief.: 他觉得自己悲痛欲绝。

Hundreds of fireworks burst simultaneously in midair...: 成百上千朵烟花在半空中同时绽放。

Every now and then you hear some bombs bursting.: 你会时不时地听到一些爆炸声。

...a burst of machine-gun fire...: 一阵炮火

It is easier to cope with short bursts of activity than with prolonged exercise...: 和长时间的锻炼相比，短期内加强活动更容易应付。

考试真题

When people uttered a falsehood, the scientists noticed a burst of activity in their amygdala.

It is not surprising that young people are likely to burst out, particularly when there are reasons to do so.

It was so terrible I burst out crying.

Loe noted, there's a moment when it's bursting with its absolute peak flavor.

These are volcanoes so explosive that they burst open in a single big crack, leaving behind a vast hole, the caldera.

Two good bursts from the extinguisher and the fire was put out.

When I handed him the gift card, saying he could use it for whatever his family might need, he burst into tears.

You must shout, "Hot news! Bomb bursting!" Another newsboy Chad told Jason.

The room burst into laughter; the man looked puzzled and hurt.

词组搭配

burst someone's bubble

shatter someone's illusions about something or destroy their sense of well-being

打碎某人的梦想

同义词辨析

break, burst, crack, crush, fracture, shatter, smash

这些动词均含"打破，弄碎"之意。

break：常用词，含义广泛，多指猛然用力将坚硬物打破或损坏。

burst：指某物因内部外部压力过大而出现严重破裂、爆开或账破。

crack：多指因长期使用或经受压力，物体表现呈现裂纹、裂口或破裂、裂开，但一般没成碎片。

crush：指用力把东西压破或变形。

fracture：比crack的破裂程度更深更严重，常指断裂，医学上指骨折。

shatter：指破裂为许多支离破碎的碎片，多用指易碎事物。

smash：指突然而猛烈地重击某物，使之破碎或完全变形。

explode, burst, erupt

这些动词均有"爆炸，爆发"之意。

explode：指物体爆炸而释放大量热能的一刹那。

burst：强调爆炸能量的突然释放和力量的突然迸发。

erupt：主要指火山的爆发，也可用作引申意义。